Respiratory Reviews in Asthma 2022.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by varying and recurrent symptoms, reversible airway obstruction, and bronchospasm. In this paper, clinical important studies on asthma published between March 2021 and February 2022 were reviewed. A study on the relationship between asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis, bronchiectasis, and hormone replacement therapy was published. A journal on the usefulness of fractional exhaled nitric oxide for the prediction of severe acute exacerbation was also introduced. Studies on the effect of inhaler, one of the most important treatments for asthma, were published. Studies on the control of severe asthma continued. Phase 2 and 3 studies of new biologics were also published. As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been prolonged, many studies have explored the prevalence and mortality of COVID-19 infection in asthma patients.

Herpes zoster after COVID-19 vaccination, aspect of pain medicine: a retrospective, single-center study.

BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster (HZ) is one of the most common cutaneous adverse reactionsassociated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and has been widely reported. This study aimed to evaluate HZ following COVID-19 vaccination from the viewpointof pain management. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 42 patients with HZ who visited the painclinic between August 2021 and October 2021. Medical records were reviewed to comparepain severity, treatment methods, treatment duration, and incidence rate of postherpeticneuralgia (PHN) in patients who received COVID-19 vaccination within 6 weeks prior to developing symptoms compared with other patients with HZ. RESULTS: Fourteen patients developed HZ within 6 weeks after vaccination and were significantly younger than the other HZ groups. There were no significant differences in the frequency of prodromal pain, location of pain, pain severity, treatment methods, treatmentduration, or incidence of PHN compared with the other HZ groups. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccination-related HZ showed clinical features similar to those ofthe other HZ.

Gekko gecko extract attenuates airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in a murine model of ovalbumin-induced asthma.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Gekko gecko is used as a traditional medicine for various diseases including respiratory disorders in northeast Asian countries, mainly Korea, Japan, and China. AIM OF THE STUDY: Allergic asthma is a chronic respiratory disease caused by an inappropriate immune response. Due to the recent spread of coronavirus disease 2019, interest in the treatment of pulmonary disorders has rapidly increased. In this study, we investigated the anti-asthmatic effects of G. gecko extract (GGE) using an established mouse model of ovalbumin-induced asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the anti-asthmatic effects of GGE, we evaluated histological changes and the responses of inflammatory mediators related to allergic airway inflammation. Furthermore, we investigated the regulatory effects of GGE on type 2 helper T (Th2) cell activation. RESULTS: Administration of GGE attenuated asthmatic phenotypes, including inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus production, and expression of Th2 cytokines. Furthermore, GGE treatment reduced Th2 cell activation and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that GGE alleviates allergic airway inflammation by regulating Th2 cell activation and differentiation.

Virtual Experience of Perioperative Patients: Walking in the Patients' Shoes Using Virtual Reality and Blended Learning.

PURPOSE: This study examined the significance, nature, and structure of the virtual experience of perioperative patients as undergone by nursing students during their practical training through VR and blended learning. METHODS: Data were collected through a focus group interview (FGI) of 21 nursing student participants from November 2019 to December 2019 and analyzed through Colaizzi's phenomenological method. RESULTS: Seven theme clusters were organized that described nursing students' experiences. They are "placed in a passive position," "facing the limits of communication," "thinking of developing and improving competency as a nurse," "recognizing the importance of interacting with their patients", "learning vividly through experience", "engaging in a new type of participatory learning", and "designing nursing knowledge." CONCLUSION: Patient-centered care can be achieved in the nursing school curriculum through "patient experiences." Additionally, the feedback from research participants who have "become keenly aware of the need for patient experiences" shows that empathizing with the "patient experience" is an essential quality to acquire by prospective medical professionals before they are introduced to the nursing field. We suggest future studies that expand on nursing students' patient experience in various teaching methods and curriculums.